A syllable in Chinese is composed of an initial, which is a consonant that begins the syllable, and a final, wich covers the rest of the syllable.
  bulaiya.com

• m, f, n, l, h and sh are pronounced as in English.
• d like "d" in "bed" (unaspirated)
  j like "g" in "genius" (unaspirated)
  z like "ds" in "beds"
  zh like "j" in "job"
  b like "p" in "spin" (unaspirated)
  g a soft unaspirated "k" sound
  x like "sh" in "sheep" but with the corners of the lips drawn back
  r somewhat like "r" in "rain"
• Particular attention should be paid to the pronunciation of the so-called "aspirated" consonants. It is necessary to breath heavily after the consonant is pronounced.
  p like "p" in "pope"

  bulaiya.com

  
  t like "t" in "tap"
  k like "k" in "kangaroo"
  q harder than "ch" in "cheap"
  c like "ts" in "cats"
  ch (tongue curled back, aspirated)
• Distinction between certain initials:
  b / p   d / t   g / k   j / q   z / c   zh / ch

• 声母表

  　　

  b	玻	p	坡	m	摸	f	佛
  d	得	t	特	n	讷	l	勒
  g	哥	k	科	h	喝	j	基
  q	欺	x	希	w	屋	y	一
  zh	知	ch	吃	sh	诗	r	日
  z	资	c	雌	s	思